Examples¶
This section of the documentation is a simple collection of example code that can help you get a quick start on your application development. Most of these examples are categorized and provide you with a link to the working code example in the Sanic Repository
Basic Examples¶
This section of the examples are a collection of code that provide a simple use case example of the sanic application.
Simple Apps¶
A simple sanic application with a single async
method with text
and json
type response.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response as res
app = Sanic(__name__)
@app.route("/")
async def test(req):
return res.text("I\'m a teapot", status=418)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response
app = Sanic(__name__)
@app.route("/")
async def test(request):
return response.json({"test": True})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
Simple App with Sanic Views
¶
Showcasing the simple mechanism of using sanic.viewes.HTTPMethodView
as well as a way to extend the same
into providing a custom async
behavior for view
.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.views import HTTPMethodView
from sanic.response import text
app = Sanic('some_name')
class SimpleView(HTTPMethodView):
def get(self, request):
return text('I am get method')
def post(self, request):
return text('I am post method')
def put(self, request):
return text('I am put method')
def patch(self, request):
return text('I am patch method')
def delete(self, request):
return text('I am delete method')
class SimpleAsyncView(HTTPMethodView):
async def get(self, request):
return text('I am async get method')
async def post(self, request):
return text('I am async post method')
async def put(self, request):
return text('I am async put method')
app.add_route(SimpleView.as_view(), '/')
app.add_route(SimpleAsyncView.as_view(), '/async')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, debug=True)
URL Redirect¶
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response
app = Sanic(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def handle_request(request):
return response.redirect('/redirect')
@app.route('/redirect')
async def test(request):
return response.json({"Redirected": True})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
Named URL redirection¶
Sanic
provides an easy to use way of redirecting the requests via a helper method called url_for
that takes a
unique url name as argument and returns you the actual route assigned for it. This will help in simplifying the
efforts required in redirecting the user between different section of the application.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response
app = Sanic(__name__)
@app.route('/')
async def index(request):
# generate a URL for the endpoint `post_handler`
url = app.url_for('post_handler', post_id=5)
# the URL is `/posts/5`, redirect to it
return response.redirect(url)
@app.route('/posts/<post_id>')
async def post_handler(request, post_id):
return response.text('Post - {}'.format(post_id))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, debug=True)
Blueprints¶
Sanic
provides an amazing feature to group your APIs and routes under a logical collection that can easily be
imported and plugged into any of your sanic application and it’s called blueprints
from sanic import Blueprint, Sanic
from sanic.response import file, json
app = Sanic(__name__)
blueprint = Blueprint('name', url_prefix='/my_blueprint')
blueprint2 = Blueprint('name2', url_prefix='/my_blueprint2')
blueprint3 = Blueprint('name3', url_prefix='/my_blueprint3')
@blueprint.route('/foo')
async def foo(request):
return json({'msg': 'hi from blueprint'})
@blueprint2.route('/foo')
async def foo2(request):
return json({'msg': 'hi from blueprint2'})
@blueprint3.route('/foo')
async def index(request):
return await file('websocket.html')
@app.websocket('/feed')
async def foo3(request, ws):
while True:
data = 'hello!'
print('Sending: ' + data)
await ws.send(data)
data = await ws.recv()
print('Received: ' + data)
app.blueprint(blueprint)
app.blueprint(blueprint2)
app.blueprint(blueprint3)
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, debug=True)
Logging Enhancements¶
Even though Sanic
comes with a battery of Logging support it allows the end users to customize the way logging
is handled in the application runtime.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response
import logging
logging_format = "[%(asctime)s] %(process)d-%(levelname)s "
logging_format += "%(module)s::%(funcName)s():l%(lineno)d: "
logging_format += "%(message)s"
logging.basicConfig(
format=logging_format,
level=logging.DEBUG
)
log = logging.getLogger()
# Set logger to override default basicConfig
sanic = Sanic()
@sanic.route("/")
def test(request):
log.info("received request; responding with 'hey'")
return response.text("hey")
sanic.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
The following sample provides an example code that demonstrates the usage of sanic.app.Sanic.middleware()
in order
to provide a mechanism to assign a unique request ID for each of the incoming requests and log them via
aiotask-context.
'''
Based on example from https://github.com/Skyscanner/aiotask-context
and `examples/{override_logging,run_async}.py`.
Needs https://github.com/Skyscanner/aiotask-context/tree/52efbc21e2e1def2d52abb9a8e951f3ce5e6f690 or newer
$ pip install git+https://github.com/Skyscanner/aiotask-context.git
'''
import asyncio
import uuid
import logging
from signal import signal, SIGINT
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response
import uvloop
import aiotask_context as context
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class RequestIdFilter(logging.Filter):
def filter(self, record):
record.request_id = context.get('X-Request-ID')
return True
LOG_SETTINGS = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'console': {
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'level': 'DEBUG',
'formatter': 'default',
'filters': ['requestid'],
},
},
'filters': {
'requestid': {
'()': RequestIdFilter,
},
},
'formatters': {
'default': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s:%(lineno)d %(request_id)s | %(message)s',
},
},
'loggers': {
'': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'handlers': ['console'],
'propagate': True
},
}
}
app = Sanic(__name__, log_config=LOG_SETTINGS)
@app.middleware('request')
async def set_request_id(request):
request_id = request.headers.get('X-Request-ID') or str(uuid.uuid4())
context.set("X-Request-ID", request_id)
@app.route("/")
async def test(request):
log.debug('X-Request-ID: %s', context.get('X-Request-ID'))
log.info('Hello from test!')
return response.json({"test": True})
if __name__ == '__main__':
asyncio.set_event_loop(uvloop.new_event_loop())
server = app.create_server(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, return_asyncio_server=True)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.set_task_factory(context.task_factory)
task = asyncio.ensure_future(server)
try:
loop.run_forever()
except:
loop.stop()
Sanic Streaming Support¶
Sanic
framework comes with in-built support for streaming large files and the following code explains the process
to setup a Sanic
application with streaming support.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.views import CompositionView
from sanic.views import HTTPMethodView
from sanic.views import stream as stream_decorator
from sanic.blueprints import Blueprint
from sanic.response import stream, text
bp = Blueprint('blueprint_request_stream')
app = Sanic('request_stream')
class SimpleView(HTTPMethodView):
@stream_decorator
async def post(self, request):
result = ''
while True:
body = await request.stream.get()
if body is None:
break
result += body.decode('utf-8')
return text(result)
@app.post('/stream', stream=True)
async def handler(request):
async def streaming(response):
while True:
body = await request.stream.get()
if body is None:
break
body = body.decode('utf-8').replace('1', 'A')
await response.write(body)
return stream(streaming)
@bp.put('/bp_stream', stream=True)
async def bp_handler(request):
result = ''
while True:
body = await request.stream.get()
if body is None:
break
result += body.decode('utf-8').replace('1', 'A')
return text(result)
async def post_handler(request):
result = ''
while True:
body = await request.stream.get()
if body is None:
break
result += body.decode('utf-8')
return text(result)
app.blueprint(bp)
app.add_route(SimpleView.as_view(), '/method_view')
view = CompositionView()
view.add(['POST'], post_handler, stream=True)
app.add_route(view, '/composition_view')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)
Sample Client app to show the usage of streaming application by a client code.
import requests
# Warning: This is a heavy process.
data = ""
for i in range(1, 250000):
data += str(i)
r = requests.post('http://0.0.0.0:8000/stream', data=data)
print(r.text)
Sanic Concurrency Support¶
Sanic
supports the ability to start an app with multiple worker support. However, it’s important to be able to limit
the concurrency per process/loop in order to ensure an efficient execution. The following section of the code provides a
brief example of how to limit the concurrency with the help of asyncio.Semaphore
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import json
import asyncio
import aiohttp
app = Sanic(__name__)
sem = None
@app.listener('before_server_start')
def init(sanic, loop):
global sem
concurrency_per_worker = 4
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(concurrency_per_worker, loop=loop)
async def bounded_fetch(session, url):
"""
Use session object to perform 'get' request on url
"""
async with sem, session.get(url) as response:
return await response.json()
@app.route("/")
async def test(request):
"""
Download and serve example JSON
"""
url = "https://api.github.com/repos/channelcat/sanic"
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
response = await bounded_fetch(session, url)
return json(response)
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, workers=2)
Sanic Deployment via Docker¶
Deploying a sanic
app via docker
and docker-compose
is an easy task to achieve and the following example
provides a deployment of the sample simple_server.py
FROM python:3.5
MAINTAINER Channel Cat <channelcat@gmail.com>
ADD . /code
RUN pip3 install git+https://github.com/channelcat/sanic
EXPOSE 8000
WORKDIR /code
CMD ["python", "simple_server.py"]
version: '2'
services:
sanic:
build: .
ports:
- "8000:8000"
Monitoring and Error Handling¶
Sanic
provides an extendable bare minimum implementation of a global exception handler via
sanic.handlers.ErrorHandler
. This example shows how to extend it to enable some custom behaviors.
"""
Example intercepting uncaught exceptions using Sanic's error handler framework.
This may be useful for developers wishing to use Sentry, Airbrake, etc.
or a custom system to log and monitor unexpected errors in production.
First we create our own class inheriting from Handler in sanic.exceptions,
and pass in an instance of it when we create our Sanic instance. Inside this
class' default handler, we can do anything including sending exceptions to
an external service.
"""
from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
"""
Imports and code relevant for our CustomHandler class
(Ordinarily this would be in a separate file)
"""
class CustomHandler(ErrorHandler):
def default(self, request, exception):
# Here, we have access to the exception object
# and can do anything with it (log, send to external service, etc)
# Some exceptions are trivial and built into Sanic (404s, etc)
if not isinstance(exception, SanicException):
print(exception)
# Then, we must finish handling the exception by returning
# our response to the client
# For this we can just call the super class' default handler
return super().default(request, exception)
"""
This is an ordinary Sanic server, with the exception that we set the
server's error_handler to an instance of our CustomHandler
"""
from sanic import Sanic
app = Sanic(__name__)
handler = CustomHandler()
app.error_handler = handler
@app.route("/")
async def test(request):
# Here, something occurs which causes an unexpected exception
# This exception will flow to our custom handler.
raise SanicException('You Broke It!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, debug=True)
Monitoring using external Service Providers¶
import logging
import socket
from os import getenv
from platform import node
from uuid import getnode as get_mac
from logdna import LogDNAHandler
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import json
from sanic.request import Request
log = logging.getLogger('logdna')
log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
def get_my_ip_address(remote_server="google.com"):
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
s.connect((remote_server, 80))
return s.getsockname()[0]
def get_mac_address():
h = iter(hex(get_mac())[2:].zfill(12))
return ":".join(i + next(h) for i in h)
logdna_options = {
"app": __name__,
"index_meta": True,
"hostname": node(),
"ip": get_my_ip_address(),
"mac": get_mac_address()
}
logdna_handler = LogDNAHandler(getenv("LOGDNA_API_KEY"), options=logdna_options)
logdna = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logdna.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logdna.addHandler(logdna_handler)
app = Sanic(__name__)
@app.middleware
def log_request(request: Request):
logdna.info("I was Here with a new Request to URL: {}".format(request.url))
@app.route("/")
def default(request):
return json({
"response": "I was here"
})
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(
host="0.0.0.0",
port=getenv("PORT", 8080)
)
from os import getenv
from raygun4py.raygunprovider import RaygunSender
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
class RaygunExceptionReporter(ErrorHandler):
def __init__(self, raygun_api_key=None):
super().__init__()
if raygun_api_key is None:
raygun_api_key = getenv("RAYGUN_API_KEY")
self.sender = RaygunSender(raygun_api_key)
def default(self, request, exception):
self.sender.send_exception(exception=exception)
return super().default(request, exception)
raygun_error_reporter = RaygunExceptionReporter()
app = Sanic(__name__, error_handler=raygun_error_reporter)
@app.route("/raise")
async def test(request):
raise SanicException('You Broke It!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(
host="0.0.0.0",
port=getenv("PORT", 8080)
)
import rollbar
from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
from os import getenv
rollbar.init(getenv("ROLLBAR_API_KEY"))
class RollbarExceptionHandler(ErrorHandler):
def default(self, request, exception):
rollbar.report_message(str(exception))
return super().default(request, exception)
app = Sanic(__name__, error_handler=RollbarExceptionHandler())
@app.route("/raise")
def create_error(request):
raise SanicException("I was here and I don't like where I am")
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(
host="0.0.0.0",
port=getenv("PORT", 8080)
)
from os import getenv
from sentry_sdk import init as sentry_init
from sentry_sdk.integrations.sanic import SanicIntegration
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import json
sentry_init(
dsn=getenv("SENTRY_DSN"),
integrations=[SanicIntegration()],
)
app = Sanic(__name__)
# noinspection PyUnusedLocal
@app.route("/working")
async def working_path(request):
return json({
"response": "Working API Response"
})
# noinspection PyUnusedLocal
@app.route("/raise-error")
async def raise_error(request):
raise Exception("Testing Sentry Integration")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(
host="0.0.0.0",
port=getenv("PORT", 8080)
)
Security¶
The following sample code shows a simple decorator based authentication and authorization mechanism that can be setup
to secure your sanic
api endpoints.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from sanic import Sanic
from functools import wraps
from sanic.response import json
app = Sanic()
def check_request_for_authorization_status(request):
# Note: Define your check, for instance cookie, session.
flag = True
return flag
def authorized(f):
@wraps(f)
async def decorated_function(request, *args, **kwargs):
# run some method that checks the request
# for the client's authorization status
is_authorized = check_request_for_authorization_status(request)
if is_authorized:
# the user is authorized.
# run the handler method and return the response
response = await f(request, *args, **kwargs)
return response
else:
# the user is not authorized.
return json({'status': 'not_authorized'}, 403)
return decorated_function
@app.route("/")
@authorized
async def test(request):
return json({'status': 'authorized'})
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
Sanic Websocket¶
Sanic
provides an ability to easily add a route and map it to a websocket
handlers.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>WebSocket demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://' + document.domain + ':' + location.port + '/feed'),
messages = document.createElement('ul');
ws.onmessage = function (event) {
var messages = document.getElementsByTagName('ul')[0],
message = document.createElement('li'),
content = document.createTextNode('Received: ' + event.data);
message.appendChild(content);
messages.appendChild(message);
};
document.body.appendChild(messages);
window.setInterval(function() {
data = 'bye!'
ws.send(data);
var messages = document.getElementsByTagName('ul')[0],
message = document.createElement('li'),
content = document.createTextNode('Sent: ' + data);
message.appendChild(content);
messages.appendChild(message);
}, 1000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import file
app = Sanic(__name__)
@app.route('/')
async def index(request):
return await file('websocket.html')
@app.websocket('/feed')
async def feed(request, ws):
while True:
data = 'hello!'
print('Sending: ' + data)
await ws.send(data)
data = await ws.recv()
print('Received: ' + data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, debug=True)
vhost Suppport¶
from sanic import response
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.blueprints import Blueprint
# Usage
# curl -H "Host: example.com" localhost:8000
# curl -H "Host: sub.example.com" localhost:8000
# curl -H "Host: bp.example.com" localhost:8000/question
# curl -H "Host: bp.example.com" localhost:8000/answer
app = Sanic()
bp = Blueprint("bp", host="bp.example.com")
@app.route('/', host=["example.com",
"somethingelse.com",
"therestofyourdomains.com"])
async def hello(request):
return response.text("Some defaults")
@app.route('/', host="sub.example.com")
async def hello(request):
return response.text("42")
@bp.route("/question")
async def hello(request):
return response.text("What is the meaning of life?")
@bp.route("/answer")
async def hello(request):
return response.text("42")
app.blueprint(bp)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
Unit Testing With Parallel Test Run Support¶
The following example shows you how to get up and running with unit testing sanic
application with parallel test
execution support provided by the pytest-xdist
plugin.
"""pytest-xdist example for sanic server
Install testing tools:
$ pip install pytest pytest-xdist
Run with xdist params:
$ pytest examples/pytest_xdist.py -n 8 # 8 workers
"""
import re
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import text
from sanic.testing import PORT as PORT_BASE, SanicTestClient
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def test_port(worker_id):
m = re.search(r'[0-9]+', worker_id)
if m:
num_id = m.group(0)
else:
num_id = 0
port = PORT_BASE + int(num_id)
return port
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def app():
app = Sanic()
@app.route('/')
async def index(request):
return text('OK')
return app
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def client(app, test_port):
return SanicTestClient(app, test_port)
@pytest.mark.parametrize('run_id', range(100))
def test_index(client, run_id):
request, response = client._sanic_endpoint_test('get', '/')
assert response.status == 200
assert response.text == 'OK'
Amending Request Object¶
The request
object in Sanic
is a kind of dict
object, this means that request
object can be manipulated as a regular dict
object.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import text
from random import randint
app = Sanic()
@app.middleware('request')
def append_request(request):
# Add new key with random value
request['num'] = randint(0, 100)
@app.get('/pop')
def pop_handler(request):
# Pop key from request object
num = request.pop('num')
return text(num)
@app.get('/key_exist')
def key_exist_handler(request):
# Check the key is exist or not
if 'num' in request:
return text('num exist in request')
return text('num does not exist in reqeust')
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, debug=True)
For more examples and useful samples please visit the Huge-Sanic’s GitHub Page